Bearing in mind that every sign has two planes (plane of expression and plane of content) the essence of translation could be described as changing the elements of the plane of expression while the plane of content remains constant.
Петрова, 2006 «Восток - Запад», 2006ĥ GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF TRANSLATION Translation is a process and the result of turning a text from one language into another, which means expressing the same by the signs of a different language.